Compare American Samoa (2004) - Tonga (2007)

Compare American Samoa (2004) z Tonga (2007)

	American Samoa (2004)	Tonga (2007)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island, Swains Island, Western	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: 36.6% (male 10,983; female 10,208) 15-64 years: 60.3% (male 18,010; female 16,933) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 699; female 1,069) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	3 (2003 est.)	6 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 199 sq km land: 199 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Washington, DC	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.	Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	24.46 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants) expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY96/97)	revenues: $56.97 million expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05)
Capital	Pago Pago	name: Nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	116 km	419 km
Constitution	ratified 1966, in effect 1967	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa conventional short form: American Samoa abbreviation: AS	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga local long form: Pule'anga Tonga local short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Currency	US dollar (USD)	-
Death rate	3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	NA (2002 est.)	$80.7 million (2004)
Dependency status	unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of the US)	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of the US)	chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994	$31.75 million (2005)
Economy - overview	This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector.	Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Electricity - consumption	120.9 million kWh (2001)	32.55 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	130 million kWh (2001)	35 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Lata 966 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5%	Polynesian, Europeans
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used	pa'anga per US dollar - 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent of vote: Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3%	chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	canned tuna 93%	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	Samoa 33.3%, Japan 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, Canada 11.1%, New Zealand 11.1% (2003)	US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP	purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA	agriculture: 23% industry: 27% services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA	2.4% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	14 20 S, 170 00 W	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways	total: 350 km paved: 150 km unpaved: 200 km	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6%	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	Australia 33.3%, New Zealand 33.3%, Mauritius 9%, Japan 5.1%, South Korea 5.1%, UK 5.1% (2003)	Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006)
Independence	none (territory of the US)	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	1% (2003 est.)
Industries	tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: 9.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA (2003 est.)	11.1% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)
Labor force	14,000 (1996)	33,910 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990)	agriculture: 65% industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 10% permanent crops: 15% other: 75% (2001)	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 14.67% other: 65.33% (2005)
Languages	Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English note: most people are bilingual	Tongan, English
Legal system	NA	based on English common law
Legislative branch	bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004); Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 18 note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 75.62 years male: 72.05 years female: 79.41 years (2004 est.)	total population: 70.12 years male: 67.6 years female: 72.76 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 98% female: 97% (1980 est.)	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1999 est.)
Location	Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	none	total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US	-
Military branches	-	Tonga Defense Services: Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2006)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.9% (2006 est.)
National holiday	Flag Day, 17 April (1900)	Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: American Samoan(s) adjective: American Samoan	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	typhoons common from December to March	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	pumice, pumicite	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	-20.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA]	People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE]
Population	57,902 (July 2004 est.)	116,921 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	24% (FY03/04)
Population growth rate	0.04% (2004 est.)	1.847% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions	Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station international: country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Telephones - main lines in use	15,000 (2001)	13,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2,377 (1999)	29,900 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2004)	3 (2004)
Terrain	five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	3.41 children born/woman (2004 est.)	2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	6% (2000)	13% (FY03/04 est.)

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